Mountains are majestic, fascinating, but also devious and dangerous. Their unique charm attracts hikers, climbers and enthusiasts alike. They are part of nature and many mountain areas are home to people. Thus, every year, International Mountain Day is celebrated on 11 December, highlighting their importance for the life and protection of glaciers and mountain communities.

Climate change

International Mountain Day is celebrated every year on 11 December, and has been since 2003. It is one of the environmental holidays declared by the United Nations. The day highlights the important role of mountains in the ecosystem, as they make up nearly 27% of the Earth’s surface. They are also home to about 15% of the world’s population. In addition, they serve as a water reservoir, as up to 50% of fresh water comes from mountain areas, according to the Food and Agriculture Organisation. Glaciers are the producers, but they are threatened by climate change. Their rapid melting is causing an environmental and humanitarian crisis, as it threatens agriculture, water security and people’s lives.

As a result of the dramatic climate change, the UN General Assembly has declared 2025 the International Year of Glacier Protection. The theme of the day, ‘Glaciers are vital for water, food and livelihoods in the mountains and beyond’, calls for action to prevent glaciers from melting, as data shows that some 600 glaciers have already disappeared and many more will disappear as temperatures rise.

The glacial peaks are a source of fresh water. ━━ The glacial peaks are a source of fresh water. ( Source: LUCKOHNEN /  iStockphoto )

Mountain communities

It is estimated that around 2 billion people, including many indigenous peoples, depend on freshwater from the mountains. Although life in mountain areas is harsh and often cruel, they are home to many communities. Their main livelihoods are pastoralism, traditional agriculture and the production of various items.

How International Mountain Day came about

The initial idea for the creation of the day was born out of a need to raise awareness of the importance of mountain areas. This idea came after the International Year of Mountains 2002, subsequently the UN General Assembly approved that 11 December would become the International Mountain Day. The first celebration was held in 2003 and each subsequent year has traditionally been given a theme that focuses on maintaining biodiversity in mountain areas, the resilience of mountain communities, sustainable travel and many other important topics.

On this day, lectures are held in participating countries on the threats facing mountains and the impact they have on human lives. There are also film screenings, tours or events to promote eco-travel. Countries with mountain areas organise their own themed events, which are educational, commemorative and touristic. International Mountain Day shows us that mountains are not just a normal part of nature, but also a source of water, food and a place where people live. It carries a message about protecting them.